Gilles Hardouyn and his brother Germain Hardouyn were Paris-based printers and illuminators working in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Unusually for the book trade, they were both registered as printers and manuscript illuminators, producing luxury devotional texts that blended printed pages with hand-painted decoration. The Hardouyn workshop specialized in “Books of Hours”, a popular Christian devotional books of the Middle Ages, often creating hybrid printed volumes enhanced with hand-applied illumination to imitate traditional manuscript painting. Their productions, made for affluent patrons, are noted for their richly decorated pages and close resemblance to illuminated manuscripts, bridging the transition between manuscript culture and early print culture in Renaissance Paris.